The above card was sent from Vancouver to Osijek, Yugoslavia (now Croatia) on April 14, 1966. Franked with a 4 cent Cameo definitive this card was shortpaid 2 cents as the international surface post card rate had increased from 4 cents to 6 cents on January 1, 1966. The Canadian tax fraction 4/6 was incorrect. The amount due in Yugoslavia was 40 dinars.
Canada Taxation
The fractional UPU Vienna System of taxation had just come into effect on January 1, 1966, and several countries, including Canada did not understand how they should tax shortpaid letters. The country of origin was to mark a T (for taxe) with a fraction. The numerator was to be double the deficiency in the country of origin's currency, and the denominator was supposed to be the country of origin's international letter rate, again in the country of origin's currency. In this case this is what the T fraction should have been:
Canada Post Office did not use the correct value in the denominator. Instead of the international letter rate, the denominator used for shortpaid post cards was the international surface post card rate. A common sense way of thinking perhaps but mathematically unsound when we understand how the receiving country was supposed to calculate the amount due in its currency.
This is how Canada Post Office came up with its fraction:
The tax fraction should have been 4/10
(Eventually, Canada Post became aware of its taxation error and in July, 1966, began to tax shortpaid international mail correctly.)
Yugoslavia Postage Due Charge
Here is the important point to know about the fractional system of taxation:
The use of the fraction enabled the Yugoslavian post office to convert 4 cents Canadian into dinars, using the 85 dinars/10 cents relationship.This is done by multiplying the Yugoslavian international letter rate by the Canadian fraction.
Assuming the correct Canadian fraction this is the correct Yugoslavian calculation:
34 dinars was the correct amount due if Canada Post Office and the Yugoslavian post office had applied the Vienna system correctly.
The Yugoslavian Post Office Incorrectly Converts to Dinars
This is a case of two wrongs making a right! The actual amount charged by the Yugoslavian post office , 40 dinars, is reasonably close to the correct amount, but was arrived at in error. The Yugoslavian office probably multiplied the Canadian tax fraction by its international post card rate instead of its international letter rate. I know this makes a lot of sense to do this but it isn't the way the system was meant to operate. Here is what they probably did:
Why did this work? It's because 6 cents , the Canadian international post card rate is about equal to 60 dinars, the Yugoslavian international post card rate.
If Yugoslavia had understood the Vienna taxation system, this is how they would have converted the 4/6 fraction into dinars:
Rounded up, this comes to 60 dinars as opposed to 40 dinars. Fortunately for the addressee, the Yugoslav post office did not understand the Vienna system any better than did Canada Post Office. In the end however, the two wrongs did make a right and the amount collected, 40 dinars, was close to the correct value, 34 dinars.
Postage Due : 40 dinars
Of course, I am assuming that the Yugoslavian post office used the 4/6 fraction to calculate the amount due, but perhaps they may have charged 40 dinars because it was the minimum amount to be charge on short paid international mail.
Confused?
Don't worry. It took Canada Post Office 6 months to figure it out. It's like time travel in the movies. At some point it doesn't make sense.
